Futures 與錯誤處理

myFunc().then(processValue).catchError(handleError);

myFunc()
    .then((value) {
      doSomethingWith(value);
      ...
      throw Exception('Some arbitrary error');
    })
    .catchError(handleError);

Future<R> then<R>(FutureOr<R> Function(T value) onValue, {Function? onError});

asyncErrorFunction()
    .then(
      successCallback,
      onError: (e) {
        handleError(e); // Original error.
        anotherAsyncErrorFunction(); // Oops, new error.
      },
    )
    .catchError(handleError); // Error from within then() handled.

Future<String> one() => Future.value('from one');
Future<String> two() => Future.error('error from two');
Future<String> three() => Future.value('from three');
Future<String> four() => Future.value('from four');

void main() {
  one() // Future completes with "from one".
      .then((_) => two()) // Future completes with two()'s error.
      .then((_) => three()) // Future completes with two()'s error.
      .then((_) => four()) // Future completes with two()'s error.
      .then((value) => value.length) // Future completes with two()'s error.
      .catchError((e) {
        print('Got error: $e'); // Finally, callback fires.
        return 42; // Future completes with 42.
      })
      .then((value) {
        print('The value is $value');
      });
}

// Output of this program:
//   Got error: error from two
//   The value is 42

Future<T> catchError(Function onError, {bool Function(Object error)? test});

void main() {
  handleAuthResponse(const {'username': 'dash', 'age': 3})
      .then((_) => ...)
      .catchError(handleFormatException, test: (e) => e is FormatException)
      .catchError(
        handleAuthorizationException,
        test: (e) => e is AuthorizationException,
      );
}

final server = connectToServer();
server
    .post(myUrl, fields: const {'name': 'Dash', 'profession': 'mascot'})
    .then(handleResponse)
    .catchError(handleError)
    .whenComplete(server.close);

void main() {
  asyncErrorFunction()
      // Future completes with an error:
      .then((_) => print("Won't reach here"))
      // Future completes with the same error:
      .whenComplete(() => print('Reaches here'))
      // Future completes with the same error:
      .then((_) => print("Won't reach here"))
      // Error is handled here:
      .catchError(handleError);
}

void main() {
  asyncErrorFunction()
      // Future completes with an error:
      .then((_) => ...)
      .catchError((e) {
        handleError(e);
        printErrorMessage();
        return someObject; // Future completes with someObject
      })
      .whenComplete(() => print('Done!')); // Future completes with someObject
}

void main() {
  asyncErrorFunction()
      // Future completes with a value:
      .catchError(handleError)
      // Future completes with an error:
      .whenComplete(() => throw Exception('New error'))
      // Error is handled:
      .catchError(handleError);
}

void main() {
  Future<Object> future = asyncErrorFunction();

  // BAD: Too late to handle asyncErrorFunction() exception.
  Future.delayed(const Duration(milliseconds: 500), () {
    future.then(...).catchError(...);
  });
}

void main() {
  Future.delayed(const Duration(milliseconds: 500), () {
    asyncErrorFunction()
        .then(...)
        .catchError(...); // We get here.
  });
}

Future<int> parseAndRead(Map<String, dynamic> data) {
  final filename = obtainFilename(data); // Could throw.
  final file = File(filename);
  return file.readAsString().then((contents) {
    return parseFileData(contents); // Could throw.
  });
}

void main() {
  parseAndRead(data).catchError((e) {
    print('Inside catchError');
    print(e);
    return -1;
  });
}

// Program Output:
//   Unhandled exception:
//   <error from obtainFilename>
//   ...

Future<int> parseAndRead(Map<String, dynamic> data) {
  return Future.sync(() {
    final filename = obtainFilename(data); // Could throw.
    final file = File(filename);
    return file.readAsString().then((contents) {
      return parseFileData(contents); // Could throw.
    });
  });
}

void main() {
  parseAndRead(data).catchError((e) {
    print('Inside catchError');
    print(e);
    return -1;
  });
}

// Program Output:
//   Inside catchError
//   <error from obtainFilename>

Future fragileFunc() {
  return Future.sync(() {
    final x = someFunc(); // Unexpectedly throws in some rare cases.
    var y = 10 / x; // x should not equal 0.
    ...
  });
}